大家知道近期的热点是什么吗?毫无疑问的是垃圾分类呀!近日，新的《上海市生活垃圾管理条例》全面实施，规定垃圾需分类投放，住建部要求2019年在全国46个重点城市推进垃圾分类的实施。

　　Shanghai will enact a set of regulations on household garbage sorting and recycling from July 1, according to the city's People's Congress. Individuals and units shall shoulder responsibilities to classify garbage according to the waste categories of recyclable, hazardous, wet, and dry. The city aims to have trash sorting programs in all of its residential neighborhoods by 2020.

　　上海市人民代表大会决定，从7月1日起，《上海市生活垃圾管理条例》正式生效。个人和单位应按照可回收垃圾、有害垃圾、湿垃圾、干垃圾将废弃物进行分类。上海市将在2020年底之前在所有居民区实施垃圾分类回收。

　　垃圾分类作为今年引起全国人民广泛讨论的一个热点话题，国家主要推行的政策，小编推测有极大的可能出现在2020年考研英语的试卷之上，而且极有可能以阅读理解或写作的形式出题考核，为帮助2020考研考生能及时关注到这一热点，小编整理了垃圾分类的热点内容，希望能给考研考生备考提供帮助。

　　1、相关词汇

　　各种大量的垃圾：an avalanche of various garbage

　　垃圾分类：garbage classification/sorting; waste separation

　　生活垃圾：domestic garbage

　　可回收垃圾：recyclable waste

　　回收箱：recycle bin

　　有害垃圾：harmful waste

　　厨余垃圾：kitchen waste

　　固体废物：solid waste

　　干垃圾 dry waste

　　湿垃圾 wet waste

　　废弃物的产生 waste generation

　　资源再生 resource recycling

　　未经处理的废弃物：untreated waste

　　废物污染：waste pollution

　　无废城市：no-waste cities/waste-free cities

　　绿色可持续发展 green and sustainable development

　　绿色消费生活方式 green-consumer lifestyle

　　基础设施 basic infrastructure

　　垃圾分类义务 mandatory garbage sorting

　　强制性责任 compulsory responsibility

　　防治污染 prevent and control pollution

　　2、习主席重要指示

　　上个月世界环境日到来之际，习近平主席作出重要指示强调，推行垃圾分类，关键是要加强科学管理、形成长效机制、推动习惯养成。

　　Chinese President Xi Jinping has underlined efforts to cultivate the good habit of garbage classification to improve the living environment and contribute to green and sustainable development.

　　中国国家主席习近平强调，培养垃圾分类的好习惯，全社会人人动手，一起来为改善生活环境作努力，一起来为绿色发展、可持续发展作贡献。

　　"Garbage classification is related to the people's living environment and the economical use of resources. It is also an important embodiment of the level of civic-mindedness," Xi said.

　　习主席表示，实行垃圾分类，关系广大人民群众生活环境，关系节约使用资源，也是社会文明水平的一个重要体现。

　　The key to carrying out waste sorting is to strengthen scientific management, form a mechanism with lasting effects, and cultivate the habit of waste sorting, Xi said, adding that China should strengthen guidance, adapt measures to local conditions, and make continuous, detailed and concrete efforts.

　　“推行垃圾分类，关键是要加强科学管理、形成长效机制、推动习惯养成”。“要加强引导、因地制宜、持续推进，把工作做细做实，持之以恒抓下去”。

　　Through effective supervision and guidance, the country will let more people take action and cultivate the good habit of garbage classification to improve the living environment and contribute to green and sustainable development, Xi said.

　　“通过有效的督促引导，让更多人行动起来，培养垃圾分类的好习惯，全社会人人动手，一起来为改善生活环境作努力，一起来为绿色发展、可持续发展作贡献”。

　　你们看看，如果考研/四六级考场考出一篇“垃圾分类”相关作文， 关于垃圾分类这件事的重要性，以及我们个人能做什么、政府能做什么，这些写作素材，习大大是不是已经帮你想好了，你灵活套用到自己作文框架里闪不闪?!

　　3、垃圾分类是一种‘新时尚’

　　近日China Daily发了一篇新闻《Shanghai gets serious about trash sorting》，看看垃圾分类有哪些表述方式，学习一下。

　　Trash sorting has become key not only for specialists, such as Buys­schaert, but for all Shanghai residents, through a municipal regulation covering domestic waste management that took effect on Monday.

　　垃圾分类已成为关键，不仅对Buys-schaert等专业人士如此，对所有上海居民也是如此。周一，上海市出台了一项涵盖生活垃圾管理的法规。

　　The regulation, which was voted on and passed by city legislators in January, requires every household and institution to sort their trash into four categories — recyclables, kitchen waste, hazardous waste and residual waste.

　　这项规定在1月份由市议员投票通过，要求每个家庭和机构将垃圾分类为四类-可回收废物、厨房废物、危险废物和剩余废物。

　　A fine of 200 yuan ($30) will be imposed on individuals who do not comply. For errant companies, the fine can rise to as high as 50,000 yuan. A reward initiative was also launched in which people will receive points when they dispose of trash in a designated area and during set times. The points can be used to buy household necessities such as tissues and soap.

　　对不遵守规定的个人处以200元(30美元)罚款。对于行为不正的公司，罚款可能高达5万元。还发起了一项奖励计划，人们在指定的地区和规定的时间内处置垃圾时将获得积分。这些点可以用来购买家庭必需品，如纸巾和肥皂。

　　On Sina Weibo, the issue of trash sorting has attracted more than 50,000 posts and 70 million views, but enforcement of the regulation has sparked mixed feelings among the public.

　　在新浪微博上，垃圾分类问题已经吸引了5万多条帖子和7000万的浏览量，但这项规定的实施在公众中引发了喜忧参半的情绪。

　　Some people praised Shanghai for being a role model in taking the initiative to solve the trash problem in ­megacities, while others complained about the inconvenience the regulation has brought to their daily lives, and made jokes about sorting their trash.

　　一些人称赞上海是主动解决特大城市垃圾问题的榜样，而另一些人则抱怨该规定给他们的日常生活带来的不便，并就垃圾分类开玩笑。

　　One of the most popular jokes goes: "Think about pigs before sorting your trash — things pigs can eat go to kitchen waste, things pigs don't eat are residual waste, things pigs might die from while eating them are hazardous, and things that can be sold for money to buy a pig belong to recyclables."

　　最受欢迎的笑话之一是：“在分类垃圾之前，想想猪吧-猪可以吃的东西可以吃到厨房的垃圾，猪不吃的东西是残渣，猪吃的东西可能会在吃的时候死亡，这些东西是危险的，为了买猪而能卖出去的东西属于可回收的东西。”

　　Xiao Guiyu, deputy director of the Standing Committee of the Shanghai Municipal People's Congress, said, "Although it's a joke, it sums up the principle of trash sorting in a simple way that everyone can understand." As for the complaints about inconvenience, the legislator stressed that the new regulation is a law, and just like traffic regulations, people have to learn to obey it as long as they live in Shanghai.

　　上海市人大常委会副主任肖桂玉说：“虽然这是个笑话，但它以每个人都能理解的简单方式概括了垃圾分类的原则。”对于不便的投诉，立法者强调，新规定是一部法律，就像交通规则一样，人们只要住在上海就必须学会遵守。

　　Huang Rong, deputy secretary-general of the Shanghai Municipal Government, said the city has received many delegations from other provinces and regions to learn about its experiences.

　　上海市人民政府副秘书长黄荣说，上海市接待了许多来自其他省份和地区的代表团，学习经验。

　　"As President Xi Jinping said during his visit to Shanghai last year, waste sorting is a 'new fashion'," Huang said. "It is Shanghai's responsibility to set an example in trash-sorting management for the whole nation," he added.

　　“正如习近平主席去年访问上海时所说的那样，垃圾分类是一种‘新时尚’，”黄说。他补充说：“在全国垃圾分类管理中树立榜样是上海的责任。”

　　4、拓展词汇

　　trash也是美式英语垃圾的意思，但是它也可以用来指不值得尊重的人;rubbish是英式英语垃圾的意思;garbage是垃圾的美式英语说法;waste是一个正式用语指没有利用价值的东西或是浪费;litter一般是指随地散落的垃圾纸屑。

　　Waste除了表示“浪费”的意思，名词形式可以指“垃圾”。而sort和classify作为动词形式，都有分类的意思。

　　Waste作为名词的时候，它是一个正式用语，最常用的意思是“没有利用价值的东西，包括废品、垃圾、废物、废料”或者指“时间、金钱、精力等的浪费”。例如：The amount of waste we produce in the house every year is astonishing(我们一家一年所产生的垃圾简直令人不可思议)。